Fractures

A fracture, or broken bone, occurs when a bone is subjected to excessive force or trauma, such as accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Fractures can be classified into different types, including simple, compound, comminuted, and stress fractures. Common symptoms include severe pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and an inability to move the affected area. Diagnosis is confirmed through X-rays or CT scans. Treatment depends on the severity and type of fracture and may involve immobilization with casts, splints, or surgical fixation using metal plates, screws, or rods. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in rehabilitation by restoring strength, flexibility, and joint mobility after the bone heals. Weight-bearing exercises, resistance training, and functional mobility drills are incorporated gradually. Patients are advised to maintain a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet to enhance bone healing. Preventive measures such as fall prevention strategies, muscle strengthening, and proper footwear help reduce the risk of fractures, especially in older adults with osteoporosis. A well-structured rehabilitation plan ensures complete recovery and prevents long-term complications like stiffness and muscle atrophy.